Defenses for Democracy Essay -- Papers Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Defenses for DemocracyIs liberty a bad thing? Socrates seemed to think so. In Book VIIIof Platos Republic, Socrates criticizes land by contend terzetto ofits most important aspects liberty, equality, and majority rule. Heasserts that because of these things, a democratic city will always fallinto tyranny. I disagree, and feel that all three of the principles areessential to a fair and just city, and only in their absence can a city betaken into tyranny. Socrates begins his observations on the defects of a democraticgovernment by first attacking liberty. His main argument is that there isentirely too much of it. People in a democracy are free to do what theywish in their lives and are free to chose what if any job they will do. Socrates asks if, like the man with the democratic soul, they will non just pass the time and not get much done (Plato, 557e). This may be true, but people who do not work do not eat. InSocrates city, much like in a communist regime, all of the p eople in acity are responsible for the putting green good of all of the other members oftheir city. A man who does nothing would truly be a burden on thissociety, but unlike in Socrates city, or a communist state, in a capitalistdemocracy people are responsible for their own survival, and a manmust work if he is to have a food, shelter, and all of the othernecessities of life.When describing his just city, Socrates was very much in favor ofspecialization of labor (Plato, 367e-372b), so for a man to effort many an(prenominal)things would go against his concept of what belongs in a good city. ButShouldn?t one try one?s hand at many tasks until one find a job that bestfulfills one?s soul? In Alienated Labor, Ka... ...ey would still be inexistence today.BibliographyDavis, Michael. The political sympathies of Philosophy. London Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1996Hamilton, Alexander. Constitutional Convention Address. Constitutional Convention, Philadelphia. 29 Jul. 1787 Du rant, Will. The Story of Philosophy. New York Simon and Schuster,1961Guigon, Charles, ed. The Good Life. Cambridge Hackett PublishingCompany, 1999Kennedy, John F. Speech at San Diego State College. San DiegoState College, San Diego. 06 Jun. 1963Macaulay, doubting Thomas Babbington Ed. Scott, Allan. The Works of Thomas Babbington Macaulay. London Wordsworth Poetry Library, 1995Marx, Karl. Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts. Germany 1844Plato, Ed. Allan Bloom. Republic. USA Basic Books, 1991Spooner, Lysander. An Essay on the Trial By Jury. London 1852

Bloody Mary Essay -- Essays Papers

Bloody bloody shamebloody shame I, Queen of England was a very prominent figure inEuropean history. Her reign as cigarette was filled with many trials andtribulations that were not accepted by most of England. Many ofbloody shames rash decisions were most likely do to her upbringing and her neglect of will power. Whether it is being declared a bastard as a youngchild by her tyrannical father, Henry VIII, or her conjugal union to Phillip ofSpain, Mary was easily processd by others and it showed as she grewolder and took over the thrown. Mary was born the daughter of Henry VIII and Katherine. Henryhad failed again to bear a word of honor to retain the thrown after him. Hisannulment from Katherine was not granted so Henry decreed that theChurch of England be separate from the Church of Rome. Katherinestill act not to jeopardize her daughters succession to the thrown, forthis she was banished and Mary was declared a bastard. These eventshad a devastating effect on Mary who wa s once adore by both parents. Mary never saw her mother again and her stepmother, Anne Boleyn,treated her with extreme cruelty, even threatening to have her executed. All these things affected Marys adolescence. She sufferedpremenstrual tension her whole life her periods were infrequent orabsent all together. But through all this her mothers influence stayedwith her. She inherited her piety and love of religion from her motherand made it her lifes crusade to restore England with the faithKatherine had been so devoted. Marys honour and naivety stayed with her throughout herwhole life. This was present in her statement, What is a whore, Ivenever heard the word before.(Weir 12). And even more present in hermarriage to Philip of Spain. Philip was simply following orders, in noway was he attracted to Mary Philip wanted to gain England as part ofthe Habsburg empire. Neither Spain nor England agreed with themarriage. They communicated in Latin since both could notcommunicate in English or Spanish(Marilee 2). Mary then led Philipthrough many false pregnancies, this was due to her irregular periodsand she was presently entering menopause and developing a endorse tumor. Few questioned her because she honestly believed herself(Liston 117). Philip left and said he wouldnt return unless he was crowned king.Mary cont... ... 4. Tension brought by these tragic events III. Marys innocence A. What is a whore B. Marriage to Philip of Spain 1. Following orders 2. Wanted England as part of the Habsburg empire. 3. Communicated in Latin a. Philip didnt know English b. Mary didnt know Spanish 4. Mary led Philip through false pregnancies a. irregular period b. menopause c. stomach tumor 5. Philip left England a. Mary continued to help Philip b. It was hurting England IV. Marys bloodbath A. Philips return to England B. Influence of leaders of the Spanish hunting C. Execution of more than three hundred 1. Burned at the stake 2. Protestants became martyrs 3. Only strengthened their religion V. Marys fall A. Famine B. take the nick name Bloody Mary C. More false pregnancies D. Her hated sister Elizabeth would retain the thrown

Benedict Arnold :: American History

benedick ArnoldNo other American is remembered quite the like as Benedict Arnold. He was a brave soldier, a patriot- and a traitor. Benedict was born inNorwich, Connecticut, on January 14, 1741. When he was 14 years old,Benedict ran away from home to fight in the French and Indian War, but hewas brought back by his mother, who plainly was driven insane later inher life. If I had a son like Benedict, I might have gone insane too subsequently his mother insisted that he return home, he ran away for a secondtime. After he was finished playing boy hero for awhile, he intimate theapothecary (pharmacy) trade and then in 1762, he opened a book and drugstore in New Haven. Benedict was also come to with trade in the WestIndies. By 1774, he was one of the wealthiest citizens in New Haven. Its a good thing that he had money, because he was one of those mountainwho like to ride around in their Mercedes and wear expensive clothes, evenif he couldnt afford them. Benedict then got hook ed up with thesheriffs daughter Margaret Mansfield, and they spud it off. They decidedto get married in 1774. But this marriage was short lived because thenext year Margaret caught a disease and died. When the Revolutionary Warbegan that year Arnold was already an experienced soldier. He had helpedEthan Allen capture strengthen Ticonderoga. Then Benedict came up with a greatidea to capture Quebec. This idea failight-emitting diode, but Benedict had already provenhis bravery. He was then equip as a colonel in the patriot forces. He was one of General George Washingtons most trusted officers. Benedict led his troops to the siege of Boston and Valcour Islandand turn up once again to be a bold and skilled officer. At the battle ofValcour Island he was wounded severely in his leg. His bravery won himthe gaze of many people. He was promoted to the rank of brigadiergeneral. Arnold felt that his services were not properly rewarded. In1777, Congress promoted quintuple offi cers, who were junior to Benedict, to study general. Only a personal plea from General George Washington kepthim from resigning. He did receive a delayed promotion to major general,but he was still evoke that he was not promoted to a rank above thejunior officers promoted earlier. Then to top things off, a fellowBenedict Arnold American HistoryBenedict ArnoldNo other American is remembered quite the same as Benedict Arnold. He was a brave soldier, a patriot- and a traitor. Benedict was born inNorwich, Connecticut, on January 14, 1741. When he was 14 years old,Benedict ran away from home to fight in the French and Indian War, but hewas brought back by his mother, who apparently was driven insane later inher life. If I had a son like Benedict, I might have gone insane too After his mother insisted that he return home, he ran away for a secondtime. After he was finished playing boy hero for awhile, he learned theapothecary (pharmacy) trade and then in 1762, he opened a book and drugstore in New Haven. Benedict was also involved with trade in the WestIndies. By 1774, he was one of the wealthiest citizens in New Haven. Its a good thing that he had money, because he was one of those peoplewho like to ride around in their Mercedes and wear expensive clothes, evenif he couldnt afford them. Benedict then got hooked up with thesheriffs daughter Margaret Mansfield, and they hit it off. They decidedto get married in 1774. But this marriage was short lived because thenext year Margaret caught a disease and died. When the Revolutionary Warbegan that year Arnold was already an experienced soldier. He had helpedEthan Allen capture Fort Ticonderoga. Then Benedict came up with a greatidea to capture Quebec. This idea failed, but Benedict had already provenhis bravery. He was then commissioned as a colonel in the patriot forces. He was one of General George Washingtons most trusted officers. Benedict led his troops to the siege of Boston and Valcour Islandan d proved once again to be a bold and skilled officer. At the battle ofValcour Island he was wounded severely in his leg. His bravery won himthe respect of many people. He was promoted to the rank of brigadiergeneral. Arnold felt that his services were not properly rewarded. In1777, Congress promoted five officers, who were junior to Benedict, tomajor general. Only a personal plea from General George Washington kepthim from resigning. He did receive a delayed promotion to major general,but he was still angered that he was not promoted to a rank above thejunior officers promoted earlier. Then to top things off, a fellow

Comparing Women in Rappaccinis Daughter, Prophetic Pictures, Lady Elea

The Role of Women in Rappaccinis Daughter, The Prophetic Pictures, Lady Eleanors Mantle, and The Birth-Mark When researching criticism on Hawthornes works, I ran across an interesting piece that dealt with the feminist view of The Birth-Mark. The article, written by Fetterly, explores the relationship between Aylmer and his wife, and how this relationship is a typical male-dominated situation. Although there is the fact that the story deals with the failure of the scientist, there is an underlying current here of how Aylmer views his wife in a negative manner. This view towards women can be seen in several of the works of Hawthornes - among them Rappaccinis Daughter, The Prophetic Pictures, and Lady Eleanors Mantle. While this view of women is not everlastingly at the forefront of the piece, it is certainly worth exploring how they ar treated by the men in each. In The Birthmark, Aylmer sets about the task of ridding his wife of the one daub she has. By endeavouring to perfect her, the readers get the idea that somehow Georgiana is not adequate and this inadequacy lies in her appearance. The message to the readers seems to be that women need to be perfect on the outside as well as on the inside, which Aylmer claims is flawless. Aylmer decides he is going to fix Georgiana. Feminists look at this as a male control issue. at that place are several mentions of Georgiana as being otherwise so perfect, in both appearance and soul - save for this birthmark. This idea of having to have the most delightful wife is very degrading view of women. It plants the idea in our minds that men are superior to women, and that men are the ones who can fix females in the attempt to bring them up to the level of me... ...hadow of death falling over the female characters in each of these stories. This would fit into what Fetterly describes as the great American dream of eliminating women. It seems that the aim of the men in these pieces were chiefly to try and control their wives/love interests/daughters in the attempt to get an upper hand in the battle of the sexes. There are not any productive male-female relationships seen here, and feminists would conclude that this stems from the need to dominate women, probably because men are afraid of the power of women. We cant know whats going on in the minds of these men, but it certainly is interesting to look at the relationships they have with the main female characters. Works CitedHawthorne, Nathaniel. Rappaccinis Daughter. Nathaniel Hawthornes Tales. Ed. James McIntosh. New York W. W. Norton and Company, 1987.

Video Game Propaganda :: Entertainment Advertising Papers

Video Game PropagandaPropaganda is hidden in our literature, spews from our radios, and is even inside our televisions. Propaganda, information or significant spread to advance a cause or to damage an opp starnts cause in such a way as to hide negative aspects, surrounds us all in every aspect of our lives. It is unavoidable and now it is gaining ground in yet another technology.Throughout the years technology has always been apply to wield propaganda. Even canvas paintings have had their hand in such a form of information with depictions of current events that resemble the style of some of todays political cartoons. The printing press provided the ability to mass produce pamphlets supporting or putting down a cause. Thomas Paines Common Sense comes to mind when one thinks of propaganda pamphlets because of its large impact it had on informing the thirteen colonies of the importance of the American Revolution. The radio not only allowed a message to be able to give-up the ghost a wider audience in a shorter amount of time, but messages could even reach those who were illiterate. The television and movies reach a wider audience still and a opthalmic style becomes very important to propaganda and helps immerse the viewer into the information.More recently propaganda has been wielded through computer technology. Web sites for the respective g overnments and factions of the U.S. military are all over the World Wide Web. Banner ads (essentially mini posters that are sometimes animated) appear on various web sites that are chosen in much the aforesaid(prenominal) way that companies choose which television shows to buy advertisement time during.In all occasions of propaganda infiltrating the newest technologies the purpose is always to reach the audience the propaganda is directed towards and that is sure as shooting no exception with propagandas recent involvement with photograph post technology. Video game propaganda is just as effective as past incarnations of propaganda if not more than so because of its immersive nature.The US Governments History with Video Game TechnologyIn the late 1970s a video games started their long relationship with the U.S. military. An arcade game entitled Mech War was introduced into an Army War College. This was the primary of quite a few games introduced into colleges to be used as skill-enhancers. The military recognized the ability of video games to hone reflexes and hand-eye coordination. In the 1980s the U.S. Army modified Battlezone, a futuristic 3D tank battle game that actually introduced the idea of a first person shooter.

Video Game Propaganda :: Entertainment Advertising Papers

Video second PropagandaPropaganda is hidden in our literature, spews from our radios, and is even inside our televisions. Propaganda, information or material spread to advance a cause or to damage an opponents cause in such a way as to hide negative aspects, surrounds us all in every aspect of our lives. It is required and now it is gaining ground in yet another technology.Throughout the years technology has always been used to wield propaganda. Even canvas paintings have had their glove in such a form of information with depictions of current events that resemble the style of some of todays political cartoons. The printing press provided the ability to mass pass water pamphlets supporting or putting down a cause. Thomas Paines Common Sense comes to mind when one thinks of propaganda pamphlets because of its large impact it had on informing the long dozen colonies of the importance of the American Revolution. The radio not only allowed a message to be able to reach a wider audie nce in a shorter union of time, but messages could even reach those who were illiterate. The television and movies reach a wider audience still and a visual style becomes very important to propaganda and helps immerse the ravisher into the information.More recently propaganda has been wielded through computer technology. Web sites for the respective governments and factions of the U.S. military ar all over the World Wide Web. Banner ads (essentially mini posters that are sometimes animated) appear on various web sites that are chosen in much the same way that companies choose which television shows to buy advertising time during.In all occasions of propaganda infiltrating the newest technologies the purpose is always to reach the audience the propaganda is directed towards and that is certainly no exception with propagandas recent involvement with characterization game technology. Video game propaganda is just as effective as past incarnations of propaganda if not more so becau se of its immersive nature.The US Governments History with Video Game TechnologyIn the late 1970s a video games started their long relationship with the U.S. military. An arcade game entitled Mech War was introduced into an Army War College. This was the world-class of quite a few games introduced into colleges to be used as skill-enhancers. The military recognized the ability of video games to hone reflexes and hand-eye coordination. In the 1980s the U.S. Army special Battlezone, a futuristic 3D tank battle game that actually introduced the idea of a first person shooter.

Emptiness in Mahayana Buddhism

Buddhism is an orthopraxy where identity comes from implementing correct behavior, rather than orthodoxy where identity is found through correct beliefs. Mahayana Buddhism, termed the Great Way is basically a vision of what Buddhism is authoritatively just about. Although the permeation of Mahayana was harmless, the status of the sutras was constantly disputed. From the very onset of Buddhism, the concepts of Self/ non-Self and dependent arising were prominent and fundamental. The Not-Self teaching has been considered by Buddhists to be the uncommon breakthrough of the Buddha, the discovery that solidifies his superiority over other teachers.According to the Buddha, for something to be characterized as Self, it would not lead to suffering, it would have to be permanent, and excessively it would obey the person of whom it is the Self. If something were to be a Self, it sure must be controllable and conducive to happiness or at least not conducive to suffering. Furthermore, in co ntemplating the existence of a Self, he stresses that the five plausible candidates for Self (the five aggregates) in fact cannot be the Self because they do not meet these criteria. These five aggregates (form, sensation, conception, disposition, consciousness) argon certainly not permanent.They could be considered analogous to a tornado in that they arise from certain conditions and circumstances and argon not extractable from the environment in which they occur. all part of our psychophysical denounce-up, anything that can be classified under one of the five groups, cannot fit the description of a Self and at that placefrom they atomic number 18 all not Self. In response to claims of having found an unchanging Self, the Buddha asserts that if there is at all a Self, it is only a result of the coming together of causal conditions (dependent origination). In this case, it could not be permanent, and therefore could not be a Self.Through further analysis and insight meditation after the death of the Buddha, the five aggregates were seen to be dissolvable into simpler elements. This sort of investigation came to encompass not only the psychophysical aggregates associated with beings, but everything in the universe as well. These elements (dharmas) ar irreducible to any further factors or sources. The Buddhist school of Sarvastivada held a definitive distinction surrounded by the mien dharmas exist as primary existents and the way complex entities ( inessential existents) exist essentially as constructions of dharmas.The predict Sarvastivada itself means the doctrine that all exist, and this school introduces the notion of the own-existence of the dharma. Regardless if a dharma is past, present, or future, it nevertheless still exists. These dharmas are ultimate truths. Primary existents must be the terminating point of analysis, and must not arise dependently the way people, tables, and chairs do. Thus, secondary existents lack this inherent existence . The Prajnaparamita is the earliest form of literature known to be specifically Mahayana paramita pith perfection and prajna meaning wisdom.In Buddhist terminology, to have prajna is to encompass an understanding that distinguishes how things actually are from how things seem to be. In the abhidharma setting, prajna is apply to determine the value of primary existents (dharmas), which are distinguishable from conceptual constructs. Perfection of wisdom (Prajnaparamita) does not imply the wrongness of what had previously been considered to be wisdom, but rather its perfection. The perfection of prajna is the final, proper understanding of the way things truly are.Mahayana philosophers felt the nature of the Abhidharma to be too objective and systematic. Characteristically, these sutras are not methodically philosophical nor do they imply doctrinal adherence. The texts entail pardon messages that are illustrated repetitively and can be seen as messages that aim to urge or advise those in the non-Mahayana world. As we have seen from pre-Mahayana philosophy, secondary existents are in essence empty of primary existence, empty of own-existence. In this sense, all things such as people, sand, grass, the ocean, etc. re empty not only of Self, but also of primary existence. In agreement with these Abhidharma texts, there then must exist things that indeed have primary existence in order to contrast them to secondary existents that are empty of such a quality. However, the Prajnaparamita sutras do not heed this theory. These Mahayana sutras claim that absolutely all things have the same status as people, sand, tables, etc because they are all constructs that cannot be grasped. They claim that everything is empty, and that all things are conceptual constructs lacking own-existence.In the eyes of the Mahayana philosophers, to claim that there is own-existence in a way that emphasizes the how essential the dharmas are in the Abhidharma seems too methodical. It makes the dharmas themselves suitable to become objects of attachment. Instead, the dharmas should be used the way the raft was used in the parable told by the Buddha in the Alagaddupama Sutra. They should be used as tools that are let go of after use they should not be clung to. Suffering is the result of attachment, so to grasp to the dharmas is to imply suffering.One cannot become addicted to these things because to attach is to miss enlightenment. In this way, ceasing attachment involves seeing sources of attachment (people, for instance) as empty. One cannot avoid attachment as long as they see a contrast between primary existents and conceptual existents. In the Heart Sutra, the bodhisattva explains that after engaging in deep meditation on the perfection of wisdom, bodhisattvas fully stimulate to a state of complete liberation and perfect enlightenment.The bodhisattva explains to the inquiring Sariputra that the perfection of wisdom involves seeing that the five aggregates are em pty, as well as the dharmas that make up these aggregates. Dharmas are not fundamental they are merely intellectual constructs just as are people and trees. The Sutra illustrates that all beings, things, and ideas, which we experience as real, have no inherent existence and this reality is merely a construction of the mind. Dharmas, too, are empty and do not ossess the specific characteristics that they have previously been associated with. Nothing comes to be as an inherently existing entity, and therefore nothing can cease. Likewise, nothing is complete or incomplete. The bodhisattva specifically states, form is nullity conceit is form. emptiness is not other than form, form is not other than emptiness. This is logical because if nothing at all inherently exists, things and concepts such as form and emptiness are one and the same. Emptiness itself is empty because it does not inherently exist.The bodhisattva also references the 12 stages of dependent origination and the four n oble truths in order to change integrity that they too lack inherent existence and are empty. Nothing in existence is separate from anything. The Diamond Sutra speaks repetitively about quantity of merit. The idea of repeat four lines of this Sutra is illustrated over and over again, with the message that teaching just four lines to another person would generate an incalculable amount of merit. In relation to this merit, the sutra places a strong emphasis on the idea of giving without becoming attached to any related notion.The only way to achieve limitless merit is to altruistically give in this way. The Buddha tells Subhuti that those on the bodhisattva path should have this thought However many living beings are comprised in the total aggregation of living beingsI should bring all of them to the final extinction in the realm of extinction without substrate remaining. Essentially, the Buddha is stressing the act of enabling all beings to reach Nirvana-without-remainder and, in d oing so, surpassing the cycle per second of continuous death and rebirth.However, for this to be accomplished, one cannot dwell on the notion of having helped all of those beings. The Buddha goes on to say that after he has brought all of them to final extinction, no living being has been brought to extinction. That is because to give like this reveals the emptiness of giving. Since all of these beings are empty of Self, while all of them have been brought to nirvana, at the same time no one has been brought to nirvana. The mind must be free of thoughts of self as opposed to others. There should be no identified giver or recipient or gift. Such an act would yield the highest merit in giving. The end of the Sutra contains the verse an prank, a drop of dew, a bubble, a dream, a lightnings meretricious in order to indicate the insubstantiality, or the emptiness, of the world. Like the Heart Sutra, the Diamond Sutra also stresses that everyday reality is like an illusion. Paradoxic al phrases similar to what is called the highest teaching is not the highest teaching are used frequently to emphasize that the two ideas are inseparable because they are both empty.The Buddha attempts to help Subhuti unlearn the preconceived notions that he has about reality and perception. The distinction between arhats and bodhisattvas is clear and Subhuti learns that the bodhisattvas compassion is not calculable. The Diamond Sutra asserts that there is nothing in the world that is unchanging, nor is there anything that independently exists, therefore everything is empty. A life without attachment means a peaceful life in emptiness. This teaching of emptiness was frightening for some, because it seems very similar to nihilism in the way that it encourages such deep letting go.Nagarjunas explanations of the perfection of wisdom claim that all things seem to be illusions was by showing that all things are without their own-existence. In previous Abhidharma terms, a primary existent is an irreducible into which a secondary existent can be analysed. In a way, to be a primary existent is not necessarily unrelated to causes and conditions, so it does not necessarily have own-existence. Nagarjunas view is that the concept of svabhava must boil bug out from that of own existence to inherent existence that is fully self-contained and is not bestowed upon it from any other sources.Inherent/intrinsic existence means independence from the causal performance that characterizes secondary existence. Dharmas are irreducible, but are still the result of causes. Svabhava should be the equivalent of existing on its own, which is independent of the causal process. While he holds that there could still be a distinction between primary and secondary existents, anything that is the result of conditions must be nihsvabhava, empty. Emptiness here is understood to be the center(a) way between nihilism and eternalism.He says that all things are empty of independent existence beca use all things arise dependently on conditions that are out of their own power, yet primary existents. Nagarjuna declares emptiness whenever anything is found to be the result of causes of any sort. He claims that the alternative to emptiness is inherent existence. Moreover, Nagarjuna asserts that emptiness is also dependent on things. Emptiness is the lack of inherent existence of a table, for example. If there were no table, consequently there could not be an emptiness of the table.In this way, emptiness exists in dependence upon that which is empty. By definition, as originated dependently on something, emptiness itself is accordingly empty as well. Another new concept introduced by Nagarjuna is the doctrine of two truths. This doctrine differentiates between ceremonious truth and ultimate truth, both of which co-exist. An ultimate truth is something resistant to analysis, such as a primary existent. Conventional truth is how things really or at last are, or what is found in a nalysis when searching for primary existence.Essentially, what is found is the lack of primary existence, emptiness. Once a Mahayana follower understands these truths, he can muster in in the world for the benefit of others with complete compassion. Nagarjuna applies analytic investigation to principal Buddhist ideas. The assertions of complete emptiness as presented in the Prajnaparamita sutras as like an illusion are demonstrated through his investigations. Nagarjuna introduces the approach of taking a category that can withstand analysis and analyze it.He says that there cannot be causation, because it cannot be explained between a cause and effect that are the same. Finally, Nagarjuna makes a clarifying point that the Prajnaparamita sutras fail to address. He says, Emptiness is not a way of looking at something. It is the quality of that thing which is its very absence of inherent existence. This is his way of explaining that emptiness is a way of looking at things, it is an a djective, and it certainly is not nihilism.

Comparing and contrasting between two poems Essay

In this essay I am going to look at the differences and similarities betwixt dickens cultural poems. I will look at the language apply by the poets to recognise the divers(prenominal) cultures and I will also look at the imagery used to portray the cultures in the poems. The two poems I will be looking at is Island man by Grace Nichols and Blessing by Imtiaz DharkerThe poem Island manhood is about a Caribbean Island man who lives in Lon forefather and still wakes up to the sound of the sea and the poem Blessing is about a third world country who guard hardly any water and elicitt wait for the water pipe to burst so that they can keep some more water for a while.Island Man is broken up into four stanzas with one line at the end on its own. The first stanza is where he is waking up after envisageing about the island and he is slowly coming spinal column from his dream. In this stanza they have used a allegory wombing, which is actually a made up word, however, this word make s you think that he could have possibly grown up here as the word gives the impression that he feels a sense of safety towards the island and so he could have grown up there. It also uses sibilance with the words Surf, steady and wakes. This creates a calm and gentle mood for the island where Island Man possibly grew up.The second Stanza is also about him waking up from his dream and coming back from the island in his vanguard and also expands on the image created in the first stanza. The first line Wild seabirds gives you the feeling that on this island you atomic number 18 free and you can relax and have fun without being stressed out all the time. There is an adverb defiantly used on the third line to describe the sun Sun ascend defiantly this is a lexical field, creating the image of independence or refusing to be organized. as well as the word emerald has been used to describe the island, this suggests that the island is precious to him and that it has many vivid colors whi sh are in reality special to him. Then the experience line of the second stanza is stood out from the rest of the poem groggily groggily is used to describe the him coming back from the island to the stress of every twenty-four hours life, and it vehemencees the way that he doesnt want to come back.The third and ordinal stanzas are about him waking up from his dream about the island and realises that he is in London and not where he wants to be. Grey metallic soar and Dull, north circular roar are used to describe London as unfeignedly pall and having a lack of colour, whereas the island appeared to be very colourful, for example Blue surf and sun surfacing defiantly and emerald island. Also in the third stanza the third line stands out from the rest of the poem Surge of wheels, this is describing the sharp sound of London compared to the soft and relaxing sounds of the island.In the fourth stanza, the first and second lines link back to the island muffling, muffling deadens the sharp sounds from earlier in the poem and his crumpled pillow waves, links to the sounds of the island, him thinking his pillow is the waves of the island. And finally the drop dead line in the fourth stanza island man heaves himself which is followed by the last line Another London day, Contrasts with wakes up and shows how often he really is longing to be on that island instead of in London and how he has to pull himself away from his island and begin another London day.The poem Blessing starts with a similie which really emphasises the meaning of the poem the skin cracks like a pod. There is never enough water, onomatopoeia is also used with the word cracks to add emphasis to show how horrific these people are for water. Like Island Man the second stanza expands on the image created within the first two lines. The second line uses onomatopoeia twice, splattering and echo. This makes you realise how precious the water is to the people in the poem, in particular when it sa ys how they imagine the echo of it in a tin mug on lines 3-6, this really shows there desperation and longing for something everyone else would take for granted.In the third stanza, various metaphors are used to add emphasis to the previous stanza and also create a new image of how they react when they receive more water than they normally have. They describe the water as silver crashing to the ground, this shows how important the water is to the people, especially when the water is described as silver.The people are described as a congregation to again add emphasis and show how much these people want the water and how desperate they are, this is shown again by using another metaphor on the very last line of the third stanza crazy hands, this again shows the desperate people trying to reach for the water. Finally, the fourth stanza describes how fantastic and amazing they find this water by using another metaphor to show how much they treasure the water as the blessing sings over t heir small bones, also in this final stanza it describes how poor they were and how little they had by saying that the children were naked and their small bones could mean that they are really weak as they dont have much to eat and evidently not enough to drink.Overall the two poems are fairly similar as they are both about people wanting things and longing for something that they dont have. For instance in Island Man he continuously dreams about the island where he possibly grew up and where he wants to be everyday instead of the dull and stressful life that he is currently living in London. Likewise in Blessing the people who live in the poor country have hardly any water and are longing for water. A phrase from each poem could possibly link this to each poem, for example in Island Man on the fourth line it says In his head and in Blessing on the third line it says Imagine. These phrases could indicate to the reader that both poems are about people wanting things that they cant h ave and are so desperate that they dream about them.However there are differences between the two poems, for instance in the way the poems are written, because Island man has no punctuation apart from a capital letter on the first and last line and also on the first line in the section of poem that starts to describe the city of London. This could be to distinguish between the two different places described in the poem and then the last line of the poem where it shows how he is feeling about waking up for another London day when he really doesnt want to. And also because in Blessing they are longing for something which they need to survive (water), whereas in Island Man he is desperate to go back to the island where he grew up and is precious to him however unlike the people in Blessing, he could actually live without the island, even though he may not want to, although you cant live without water.

Good vs. Evil in Psycho Essay

Psycho is a classic suspense picture show directed by Alfred Hitchcock which features a important female protagonist, a lift upmingly ordinary young woman named Marion Crane, who crosses paths with a dangerous mentally ill motel owner, Norman Bates. As their strange relationship develops, a dominant theme of broad(a) versus perversive is introduced to the audience through the use of characterisation, editing, mise-en-scene and various early(a) media techniques. From the outset, Hitchcock introduces an initial theme of replete(p) versus evil during the opening credits.The act scene could be liven as a reflection of the personality of Norman Bates as the credits themselves are presented as fragmented titles which come together as unitary on the overwhelm but then shake and split up again, which hints towards the disjointed personality of Bates. The feature that the titles are dotted around the screen suggests that his character is severely unbalanced and not in a stable co ndition, foreshadowing the idea that his mind is in different places at different time and it is hard to tell when his mind-set will alter.The contrasting colours used in this scene are to a fault important to the later character breeding as the black, white and grey each reflect the constantly conflicting part of Bates temperament. The darker areas on the screen reflect the deepest inner shadow of his mind, while the twinkle areas show that he nooky similarly be a severe person. They show the persistent inner conflict and the constant battle between good and evil. The grey, however, represents the uncertain parts of his split personality but could also be interpreted to refer to the in finding and doubt weighn in the character of Marion as the film develops.This primary theme is developed as we are familiarised with the character of Marion Crane, the dominant leading role. We early see her meeting up with her boyfriend, Sam, in a hotel room during her lunch hour. The camer a enters the room by zooming through the window and Hitchcock wants us to have as if we are intruding on a secret moment between the characters inside. This sense of voyeurism is clearly accentuated by the very first shot of the couple which is very personal and intimate making the viewer feel rather awkward.This scene acts as a vital link to the film as a whole and is fundamental for the expansion of the theme of good and evil as it gives Marion a clear reason to steal the money in the scene that follows. Marion is presented as a good character at this point as her good intentions are outlined we see that she just wants to marry Sam and for them to be able to be together respectably. When Sam states that he would not be able to provide for her, Marion is given an obvious ulterior motive and a chance to make the transition from good to evil, therefore setting up the faultless film.We also notice that, the first time we see Marion, she is wearing white underwear hinting to her ki nd and innocent personality but, when we see her after she has made the decision to steal the money, she is wearing black underwear. This visual symbolism presents a contrast between the two different gunpoints of characterisation and depicts the character change of Marion as she goes from good to evil. Similar to the original view of Marion, when we first meet Norman Bates he seems like a very ordinary person, but as the scenes progress we convey to notice slight abnormalities in his behaviour.When Marion arrives at the Bates Motel, the heavy rain which forces her to stop is foreshadowing her impending doom while acting as good airheaded fallacy as she is feeling isolated and guilty at this point. The fact that Norman hesitates before giving her the key to cabin one hints at his irregularity, along with the fact that he opens the window as soon as he enters the room as if he is setting up his own escape channel and he never mentions the bathroom, foretelling the all the sa met which will take place there.Also, when Marion is checking into the motel, what should have been a clear view of Bates is blurred in the mirror showing that he is changeable and that his personality is hazy. In a similar shot, only half of his face is shown and this clearly symbolises the fact that only one half of him canister ever be fully good at any one time the other half will always remain evil. However, sympathy is also evoked for Norman in this scene as we see that his bewilder takes an instant dislike to Marion something which you would not normally see between two strangers.We see how close and slightly strange the relationship between Norman and his mother and the unnatural colony they have on each other, showing that Norman is pin down in his current situation and making him seem like a good person. A similar effect is used throughout the scene in Normans parlour by with the use of light and dark as the lighting picks out significant features such as only on e side of Normans face and the underside of the owls wings.The owl with its wings spread signifies his mother controlling his mind and shows that she is ever present, although we never see her, even when he is behaving normally she will always be inside his mind, therefore making the viewer feel sympathetic towards him as he has no control over his actions. Conversely, framing him next to an owl may suggest that Norman is a predator and the owl is his equal. Like the owl, many other birds are featured in the parlour scene, linking back to the recurring theme.Framing Marion next to them when she first enters the room makes her seem vulnerable and presents her as equal to the birds which Norman has stuffed. The shower scene is important to the character development of Marion as we see her clear transition from the evil character she turned into after stealing the money back to the good character we saw in the beginning. She has changed her mind about stealing the money and has made th e decision to go home. We are able to cop the exact moment of relief as she flushes the toilet it is as if she is flushing aside her problems and guilt.This effect is also used when the water goes down the plughole in the shower representing the slipstream away of her sins. However, I feel that this image could also be taken to represent evil as Marions life is being washed away and she is going to down to Hell for the sins she has committed. A contrast between Norman and his Mother is clearly displayed in this scene although we also see that Norman can be evil while being totly himself as we see him spying on Marion before she is murdered.After the murder, Norman is linked to the crime in many ways. The camera work and editing assists this by panning directly to a view of Normans house, telling the story without the need for dialogue. Almost nowadays following this we see Norman running from the house and consequently directly linking himself to the murder. We see him automati cally assume that his mother has killed Marion without questioning her, making the viewer even more suspicious of him.Both good and evil sides of Norman are presented to the audience at this point as, although he seems flustered and hurried when he first discovers what his mother has done, he is able to relax into a state of unemotional professionalism which allows the viewer to realise that this has happened before. By pretending so strongly that it was in fact his mother who killed Marion, I think it is obvious he is trying to convince himself that he has done nothing wrong and, ultimately, that he is not mentally ill. The mise-en-scene when he sinks Marions car is representative of this.We see him framed next to a tree with a split trunk, suggestive to his split personality. The contrast between the two sides of Normans personality is extended in the scene which features Marions sister, Lila, as she searches the house for evidence relating to the murder. When she enters mothers r oom, it looks very inhabited the get along seems as if someone has just gotten up and the wardrobe is full of neatly stored clothes. Despite the clutter, everything is organised and tidy. I call back this highlights the extent of Bates mental illness as we see how much effort he has gone to keep up the illusion.The subjective close-up shot of the hands when Lila scans the dressing table suggests that Norman is still in the clutches of his mother and the darker side of his personality hence reminding us that he is not in control of his situation. Normans room provides a total contrast when compared with his mothers. It is a lot smaller and appears to have remained the same since he was a child and contains an eclectic mix of the possessions of a childish boy and those of a twisted man.This conveys the idea that perhaps he is refusing to grow up or his mind has never developed past this stage. This idea combined with the toys explains his dependence on his mother and why he is so un willing to leave her. The stuffed owl which sits at his door brings back the recurring motif of birds while also representing the ever present Mrs Bates. She is always watching him and he allows her to control him completely and make his decisions just as if he were a child. The battle between good and evil continues as Lila makes her way down to the cellar and mother is finally revealed.As the scene ends the climax is completed with a close-up shot of mother which allows us to clearly see the light and dark reflecting in her eye sockets representing the fact that it is possible for Norman to be both a fully good and fully evil character. Although we are now aware that mother is dead in reality, she continues to live on inside Norman. The last time we see the character of Norman Bates, he has been arrested and we are able to see that the dominant evil personality of mother has won and taken over.To display this, we hear Norman thinking in his mothers voice and understand that he b elieves that he is her unnervingly outlining the severity of his mental illness. The medium shot of Norman sitting in the chair is effective as it shows his body language while he behaves like an old woman the image is creepy and, in my opinion, really gets under your skin. At this stage I think that it is important we hear mother before we see Norman as it allows the audience to realise that he is not really Norman any more, showing that he is still and not fighting with his inner self as it appears the battle for good over evil has finally been lost.As the camera zooms in on Norman, we see his blank stare change to a sinister grin and a super imposed shot of mothers skull on his face which shows that the good side of him is trapped inside for what looks like forever. For me, the film did have a satisfying ending as we see the detective bring the case to a close so there are no more remaining questions, but the creepy smile we see at the end makes me think otherwise leaving us at a cliff hanger of sorts. In conclusion, I believe that, with the use of media features such as characterisation and editing, Hitchcock is able to present a highly engaging struggle between good and evil.Although I did feel sympathy for the character of Norman, I believe that he did have the option to control his actions and get help to fight back against his evil personality but, as he relied on his mother also much, he did not want to push her away. However, while Marions decision to steal the money was irresponsible and out of character, I still feel that she did it with good intentions. Overall, I felt that the fact that evil came out on top rather than the more typical outcome made it particularly realistic as, in a real life situation, good would not always prevail.

What Goals Are We Trying to Achieve Through Sentencing? Essay

Alternative sentencingIntroduction In the recent years, use of some other ersatz options of sentences apart from incarceration is being advocated in United States and Canada among other countries as a way of solving the issue of congestion in prisons. Therefore, use of alternative sentencing will help in stabilizing the prison populations. culpable sentencing should help in punishing and rehabilitating the criminal offenders so as to deter them from taking part in criminal activities again in the future. However, the prisons tend to localize more on punishing the offenders rather of rehabilitating them so as to change their behaviors. This reason has made the alternative sentencing options to be advocated so as to help in rehabilitating those offenders. Some alternative sentencing options which includes the punishments which are fairly innovative, involves requiring the offenders to stay at home low the house arrest, attending alcohol or drug treatment program, tenet classes o r giving lectures concerning dangers of the criminal behavior, attending the weekend jail time, and installing the breathalyzer devices in somebodyal cars, thus, ensuring that the cars only start when the offenders are not under alcohol influence. Such sentencing options have many practical implications such as reducing the populations in the prisons, cost savings and effectiveness among other implications. Religion as well as condemns all manner of criminal evils that are carried out by the offenders. tally to the Christianity, the bible clearly explains various evils and also ways of deterring from carrying out those criminal activities. According to Matthew 15-18, it shows how God is unhappy by those who commit the criminal activities. It states that out of the heart there comes the adultery, theft, impinge on, slander, sexual immorality and false testimony. All these evils make a person be unclean. American society is usually perceived to be built on values of Judeo- Christia n. Torah does not advocate for the prisons and therefore it perceives the alternative options of sentencing to be the saint way of punishing and deterring the offenders from committing such criminal activities again. Even in the Bible the offenders even those who committed murder were not imprisoned. For instance, in the land of Israel those offenders who committed murder were usually sent to the cities of refuge not for isolation, but for atonement purposes. In conclusion, the punishments of the criminal justice system should have positive results to benefit all the manifold parties comprising of the victim, perpetrator and the society in general. Imprisonment does not serve the intended functions thus it does not benefit the victims. Prisons destroys families, inhibits the potential of the offenders, breeds anger, bitterness, insensitivity and the eventual recidivism. Therefore, innovative and alternative sentencing should be adopted as a way of solving all these problems which result due to the traditional sentencing.ReferencesLipskar, R. S. (n.d.). Issues in Jewish Ethics A Torah status on Incarceration as a Modality of Punishment and Rehabilitation. A Torah Perspective on Incarceration as a Modality of Punishment and Rehabilitation. Retrieved phratry 11, 2014, from https//www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/prison.htmlMiller, G. (n.d.). Why cant God just forgive sin, instead of demanding justice?. Why cant God just forgive sin, instead of demanding justice?. Retrieved July 4, 2005, from http//christianthinktank.com/whyjust.htmlSentencing Alternatives Prison, Probation, Fines, and Community Service Nolo.com. (n.d.). Nolo.com. Retrieved September 11, 2014, from http//www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/sentencing-alternatives-prison-probation-fines-30294.htmlWhat Goals Are We Trying to Achieve Through Sentencing? . (n.d.). Sentencing Options . Retrieved September 11, 2014, from http//www.courtsanddwi.org/mod4-faq.pdfSource document

Cell Phone Use While Driving Essay

Cell bring forward engagement while driving has caused unnecessary injuries and deaths throughout history. Those injuries and deaths call forth the ignorance of the victims and set an example for others. Many people have lost their loved ones in cubicle think related accidents exactly with every experience comes a less(prenominal)on, which in this case is that cell phone use while driving should not be allowed. The road would be a safer place to drive if the use of cell phone while driving is prohibited. The risk of accidents increases signifi notifytly when a cell phone is being used while driving. A study by the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis estimated that six percent of vehicle crashes causes about 2,600 deaths and 330,000 injuries a year, which can be linked to one or more of the drivers snarly using a cell phone (Cell Phone Use While Driving a Big Cause of Accidents). According to this study, the use of cell phones while driving is causing many unnecessary deaths and i njuries.To treat those irresponsible drivers, all the citizens of the United States pay in the form of taxes. The forbiddance of cell phone use while driving will not only drag the United States to be a safer nation, but it will also make it a happier nation. Many people are unaware of the dangers and effects of cell phone use while driving. To most people, drunk driving is a very thoughtful crime, but using a cell phone while driving is a trivial matter. However, a research by the University of Utah proves that drivers drunk at the .08 percent blood-alcohol level drive slower than drivers using a cell phone. Driving with a cell phone is more distracting because drivers tend to center on less on the road, and more on the conversation, which leads to many accidents. If one is caught driving drunk in Michigan, his or her license is suspended for several months and an additional fine ranging from $250-$10,000 has to be paid.If the crime of drunk driving has such punishments, then t he use of cell phone while driving should also have severe punishments. To many people, it may seem that cell phone use while driving should not be outlawed because emergency calls need to be attended or make any time. However, people can pull over to the side and make or receive emergency calls. According to the Human Factors and Ergonomics society, cell phone distraction puts the driver at a four time great risk of a crash. It may take more effort to pull over, stop, and call, but doing so would decrease the number of accidents by a massive number. . Even using cell phones during school times can be a galactic problem. It candistract a students studies, since he/she will be too busy texting and calling people he/she wont be able to concentrate and will keep thinking about those text messages. If there is something bad then they will be depressed all day long.If parents need to peach to their children urgently they will be able to talk to them during school. Some students during classes are always tense because of someone/something so by calling or texting they can clear their tension and focus on studies. Cell phones will help them solve the problems outside the school so they can peacefully study. Schools should understand how primal it is for students to study and this is only possible if they are not thinking about anything else. The rate of accidents for drivers using cell phones has increased alarmingly. The convenience that cell phones offer essential be judged against the hazards that they pose.Therefore, the government should ban the use of cell phones while driving, which would not only decrease the number of traffic injuries and deaths, but will also make the road a safer place to drive. The use of cell phone while driving is a crime that should be outlawed and punished for severely. There are two dangers linked with driving and cell phone use, including text messaging. First, drivers should not take their eyes off the road while dialing. Seco ndly if the drivers start talk of the town on the phone then they support so lost in others conversations that they have no clue what is going on in front of them which causes them to get in an accident. That is one reason why so many states and countries banned the use of cell phones while driving and even in schools so new-made teenage people know when they have to use the phone and when not to.

Building Codes for the Fire Services

In the recent Charleston, S byh Carolina furniture w atomic number 18house fire, nine firefighters perished app arently by compromised and structural breach of the creates roof. Every year, fire related accidents caused by make collapse flash everywhere and deadly smoke have been the leading causes of injuries or deaths of firefighters all over the United States (Dunn, 2007). close to tragic was the World Trade Center Twin Towers collapse where 343 outgrowths of the put down De placement City of New York (FDNY) perished died fifty-six minutes afterwards the attacks (Femas US burning Administration, 2002).The building officials, fire department, architects and engineers did non anticipate that such an attack could happen in American soil. In the light of these developments, the world called for a review of all existing building and fire formulas in the country. Dunn (2007) enumerated three most deadly situations in firefighting history where the ten-year study of the Nation al net Protection Association indicated them as the main causes of injuries and fatalities of firefighters. They are collapse, flame spread and smoke.The most common types of collapse that have injured and killed many in the furrow of duty were floor collapse, roof collapse, wall collapse and ceiling collapse (Dunn 2007). It is imperative that firefighters have the basic knowledge on the fashion of buildings while be engulfed in flames. What they know could save their lives when they take the essay of controlling the situation. It is also important to look back at previous strategies on how buildings were deemed fire produce and considered safe at all times.To avoid a repeat of the tragic incidents, regulatory bodies, engineers, the academe and other professionals pit their wits and talents to ensure building precaution standards are met. It is undeniable that some of the codes have become obsolete with the introduction of spic-and-span building reflection technologies. The Need to Overhaul Existing Codes Traditionally, the precaution of buildings has been adjust by codes all over the country.Since the 1800s the safety of buildings had been mandated by these codes and they let in the use of fire resistive materials, compartmentation features, and later, installation of automatic sprinkler systems and automatic fire panic systems. (Solomon and Hagglund, 2001, p. 619). All of these prescriptions were intended to ensure building safety even in the event of a fire. These also purported to make tall buildings safer. These had worked well under equivocal circumstances but were tested when the 9/11 attacks occurred.Codes across the United States are also moving towards performance measures in addition to the time-tested prescriptions of the codes (Solomon and Hagglund, 2001, p. 619). In New York City, for example, Mayor Bloomberg called for a review of the existing codes that had been in force since 1968 to conform to contemporary packs. New York has f our construction codes namely the Building Code, give the sack Gas, Mechanical and Plumbing Codes (New New York City Construction Codes, n. d. , p. 1). The City government was caught flatfooted with an let outdated construction code when the 9/11 attacks struck.The amendments to the code include the acceptance of the International Building Code (IBC) format, placing safety as a priority and preserving some elements of the existing codes while enhancing the requirements for fire protection, construction safety, and structural integrity requirements for new buildings. (New New York City Construction Codes, n. d. , p. 1) Moore (n. d. ) defined building codes as extratechnological laws that govern the design and construction of structures. (p. 262). The codes follow the dictates social and ethical mores where the protection of life and dimension is a priority.It also traces its roots in the Hammurabi code where a builder was held responsible for a collapsed house that killed its o ccupants and applying the lex talionis principle of justice (p. 262). Codes also had grown out of the necessity to adhere to insurance regulations. Protection goals include all the contents of a building or warehouse that were insured. Failure to mitigate the risk homogeneous loss to fire would mean economic repercussions for the community or state (Solomon and Hagglund, 2001, p. 625).Code prescriptions until the 1940s prescribed a fire resistive building as nerve framed or buildings that had skeletal framework of steel columns and beams which supported the actual weight of the structure and its contents. (Portolan, n. d. ) The structural elements were fireproofed or en object lessond in concrete or tile (Portolan, n. d. ) In the 1920s, the codes also regulated the heights of buildings where height limitations had a direct relationship to the construction methods employed (Solomon and Hagglund, 2001, p. 626).Each state though had its interpretation and regulations concerning cons truction practices. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) proposed a performance based approach to tall building designs with the hope the building designs and construction methodologies respond to the need for safer buildings. The NFPA outlined six goals to performance based building design. They include Life Safety of Building Occupants Property/Contents Protection Mission Continuity environmental Consequence of Fire Heritage/Cultural Preservation and Fire Suppression Personnel Safety (Solomon and Hagglund, 2001, p.632). However, not all directives and codes today follow the suggestions of NFPA. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) developed their standards specifically aimed at protecting both firefighters and civilians from fire-related injuries. Some of the standards relevant to the construction industry include NFPA 5000 (Building Construction and Safety Code) NFPA 13 (Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems) NFPA 501 (Standard on Manufactured H ousing) (NIOSH, 2005, p. 3).According to NIOSH (2005), while there are existing standard tests like ANSI (American National Standards Institute) or ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) that govern the safety measures in building materials and construction methodologies, these do not take into consideration real situations involving actual conflagrations and how fires would impact on the structural integrity of the structures (p. 4). NIOSH (2005) also pointed out that existing building codes enforced in various states were not designed specifically to protect firefighters.The design focus was on evacuation procedures and how occupants in the building could escape to safety once an unfortunate event occurred (p. 4). With the new reality that unfolded post-9/11, existing building codes must be reviewed for and in consideration of the risks involved when disasters strike. staple Knowledge on Structural Behaviors of Buildings According to Portolan (n. d. (b)), there are five elements of a building that the firefighters need to consider when evaluating how buildings will behave in case of fire and which strategies to use to contain the problem.They include the type of construction, size of the building, age of the construction, renovation and occupancy. These are essential information that firefighters can use to plan their flux of actions. In addition, knowledge on the behavior of the unlike structural elements of the building is also imperative. Structural loading creates different stresses on the structures and they may occur one at a time or in combination. The stresses include compression, tensile and shear stresses (Portolan, n. d (b). ). Compression acts when materials are pressed against each other.Tensile stresses happen when the structural elements are pulled in dickens different directions. Shear stresses cause materials to fracture and slide across the defect in the opposite direction (Portolan, n. d (b). ). Structural elements of the bu ilding are subjected to different loads. Columns are commonly subjected to axial loads. Eccentric loads are directed along a parallel axis to the longitudinal section of the structural member and are off-centered. Torsion loads can cause twisting in the structural elements (Portolan, n. d (b).) Aside from the stresses, the firefighters also need to consider which part of the structures are vulnerable or the structural integrity had been compromised because of the fire. When steel beams are subjected to un usually higher(prenominal) temperature, the structural member may expand and elongate. If both ends are tightly secured, torsion stresses may cause twisting in beams (Portolan, n. d. (b)). Columns carry the greatest axial loads. The more slender the column, the more it is susceptible to buckling. When axial loads teddy to eccentric or torsion loads, it could also be a cause of failure (Portolan, n. d. (b)).About 60% of the buildings in the United States use the truss system for r oofs (NIOSH, 2005, p. 1). Most of the truss systems were made of wood materials. Recent innovation introduced lighter construction materials for truss systems including steel and lighter weight materials intended to accommodate wider spans. Under pattern conditions, these engineered materials may perform well. However, when fire occurs, they may be weakened and compromised causing the collapse of roof and floor systems (p. 1). Types of Building Collapses Due to Fire Collapse patterns are different for each element of the building.Walls often collapse in a 90-degree angle. These walls are often constructed using reinforced masonry. Curtain wall collapse occurs when the outside veneer becomes disconnected and they fall straight down to the base of the wall. This type of collapse is also exhibited by unreinforced walls. Inward or outward collapse may also occur if the wall is breached or at areas where it is considerably weaker like door or window openings (Portolan, n. d. (b)). Trus s systems of roof and floor often cave-in as their structural integrities were affected by conflagration. Steel trusses are also susceptible to expansion and torsion stresses.Often, firefighters used visual indicators to predict an impending collapse. But these were not enough to retain accidents from happening. NIOSH (2005) listed three conditions where truss collapse occurs. First, when a firefighter works on the roof top of the burning building, chances of a cave-in is extremely high because the hidden structural members of the truss system had already been subjected to extreme temperatures thereby weakening them. Second, firefighters working inside the burning structure are also subjected to the risk of the entire roof falling onto them.Finally, failed truss systems can precipitate other parts of the structure to collapse like walls (p. 4). Another type of collapse usually found in tall structures is referred to as progressive collapse. Nair (2004) defined progressive collapse as collapse of all or a large part of a structure precipitated by failure or damage of a relatively small part of it. (p. 1) This theory was used in part to explain why the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York collapsed. Conclusion Knowing how structural members behave during fire would mitigate the risk factors and prevent injuries and deaths.Part of the training of firefighters is knowing how to evaluate the condition of the burning edifice before going in and making a plan of action. The different studies on the behavior of buildings on fire proved to be valuable to firefighters. The recent events had also made regulating bodies review their out-dated Codes. Existing building codes do not include the protection of firefighters in the event of fire. The NFPA and the IBC remedied that deficiency. However, code changes were also met with opposition. Building codes were primarily implemented with economic considerations in mind.It would prove to be more costly for the building owner if NFPA or IBC was followed. According to Gips (2005), of the various proposals for change in the Codes, only one was acceptable and included in the IBC. It concerned the fire-resistance ratings of buildings of 420 feet or higher. The new code required a minimum three-hour structural fire-resistance rating, whether sprinklers are present or not. (p. 42+). Other provisions that would make it safer for both firefighters and occupants need more work. References Dunn, V. (2007). Dunns polish off 9 firefighters die fighting fire in South Carolina furniture storeroom fire.Retrieved 26 June 2007 from http//cms. firehouse. com/content/article/article. jsp? sectionId=14&id=55205 FEMAs US Fire Administration (2002). USA releases preliminary firefighter fatality statistics for 2001. Retrieved 26 June 2007 from http//mcftoa. org/Deathstats1. htm Gips, M. A. (2005, March). The Challenge of Making Safer Structures Three and a Half Years after 9-11, Building Codes atomic number 1 8 Just Starting to Reflect Lessons Learned from the World Trade Center Collapse. Security Management, 49, 42+. Retrieved June 27, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5008988697 Moore, S. A. (n. d.) Building Codes in cyclopaedia of Science, Technology and Ethics, 262-266 Retrieved 26 June 2007 from http//soa. utexas. edu/faculty/moore/selectpub/enc_buildingcodes. pdf Nair, R. S. (2004) Progressive collapse basics. Retrieved 27 June 2007 from http//www. aisc. org/Content/ContentGroups/Documents/Selected_Nair/nairhotlink2. pdf New New York City Construction Codes (n. d. ) Retrieved 26 June 2007 from http//nyc. gov/html/dob/downloads/pdf/cons_code_faqs. pdf NIOSH (2005) Preventing injuries or deaths of firefighters overdue to truss system failures. Retrieved 27 June 2007 from http//www. cdc. gov/niosh/docs/2005-132/pdfs/2005-132.pdf Portolan, C. (n. d. ) Building Construction Special situations Retrieved 27 June 2007 from http//www. lbfdtraining. com/Pag es/buildingconstruction/specialsituations. html Portolan, C. (n. d. (b)) Glossary of building construction terminology Retrieved 27 June 2007 from http//www. lbfdtraining. com/Pages/buildingconstruction/bconstructintro. html Solomon, R. E. and Hagglund, B. (2001) writ of execution code requirements in the tall building environment in Tall buildings and urban habitat Cities in the third millennium. Council On Tall Buildings And Urban home ground orgname. New York Spon Press, 619-634.

Relationship Between Human Beings and Nature Essay

Now is the time for human beings and nature to collaborate. Normally, most people would say, human beings always demolish nature. It is true. However, only a few people know the truth of why human beings destroy nature. It is a huge mistake to think of nature individually. premier of all, the main reason people destroy nature is to use trees as materials for paper. As everybody knows, cutting trees has been becoming a reason for global warming.In the chivalric fifty years, the number of people increased more than ten times. Of course, ten times more paper is consumed. The number of the trees in the valet de chambre has been decreasing rapidly and the environment of the world is getting worse. On the contrary, there was some good news for protected nature. For example because of advancements in the economy, distribution of electric books helped to decrease the aspiration of paper. Also, people think of nature more than before. Even now, the numbers of people in the world are incr easing, so to have a good kin between human beings and nature is not easy, it probably the situation is getting worse.We have to keep changing something. When I was living in Canada, I perceive the Canadians have pride in protecting the earth. For example, Canada has a lot of natural resources, but they never sell these. They think selling oil leads to the destruction of nature. They similarly have strict rules for themselves. It is a big violation if they hurt nature or animals. I often think about the world. Everybody knows how to collaborate with nature and how the world would change if we keep destroys. Individual power is really small, but nothing is changed if we do not change. So, now is the time for human beings and nature to collaborate.

Health Insurance and Medicare

This presentation involved an interview with Gerry Flanagan. She is an agent with Human where she specializes in Medi guardianship profit plans. She and I worked together In Florida, Alabama, and Georgia as indemnity agents. She was my supervisor and a good friend. During the Interview, Gerry and discussed the trinity issues that agents and supervisors face In the industry. Licensing, Medi precautionMedical regulations, and how the Affordable bring off Act would change Medicare. Licensing Is a big Issue, as in that location Is a lot to do to get a demonstrate. First, a person must complete a background check.This requires a fee and a fingerprinting process. Twenty-four pre-licensing courses must be completed. These classes involve life, accident, health, and rente education. Once these are completed a state exam must be passed in issuerank to hold a license. Many people are not aware of all the requirements involved. Gerry gets to weed protrude those not meeting the basic e lements to be an agent. Medicare has changes that occur yearly, agents fall in a lot of rules they have to follow. core for MedicareMedicaid Services (CAMS) does a good job of protecting olds.There are certain ways to handle clients. Agents mintnot confabulate them. We use to do a lot of cold calling when we got leads. Every solar day seniors could get numerous calls from agents stressful to get them to sign up for their plan. This created a lot of frustration and contusion tort seniors. Some early(a) things that are restricted we could not buy them lunch to hear our sales-pitch or spin them a portray tort listening. CAMS makes these rules & If you dont follow them, render a fine or you could lose your license. Basically, Medicare Is a health Insurance plan you pay Into prior to retirement.It has 4 move A, B, C, D. There Is an annual enrollment period, which this year Is 10/15-12/7. Ten thousand Baby Boomers forget age In everyday between the long time 2012-2031. This I s an astonishingly large amount of people to have in the strategy. Medicaid is an income-based insurance plan. It coffin nail help with fees for all split of Medicare. There are 4. 6 million seniors that qualify for Medicaid. Of those, there are 3. 7 million seniors that have a disability of some form. All together, there are 8. 3 million seniors that meet the criteria for two Medicare and Medicaid, being dually eligible.The Affordable Care Act go forth have a big effect Medicare. It will provide an turn out- of- scoop expense at a cap of $6700. The new Annual Enrollment Period is straightway 10/1 5-12/07/2012. It gives a reduction of donuts-hole costs. There will be an increase in premiums for seniors with high incomes. CA will provide more managed care than fee for service in health care services. Advisory boards implemented that will attempt to reduce spending per person. Providers will have an Accountable Care Organization where they agree to be more accountable for ove r-all Medicare infirmaries w/ their primary care physician.Finally, an insufficient care clause where there Is a 1% reduction In payment for excessive admittance of seniors. to the highest degree of these parts are to be In effect by 2015. This concluded my Interview with Casey. Being a former agent, I know the importance of being informed about Medicare. Seniors would wait patiently for me as I worked with clients Just to ask a question. I want to briefly go over Medicare roam some light. Odds are that you will know someone turning 65 this year. Medicare NAS 4 parts D Witt individually avian a different function and fees.You must be 65 years old or have a disability. phonation A is the hospital care received as inpatient, a skilled nursing facility, hospice, or home care. No fee is required if you paid into the system prior to retirement, if not $AAA month is the fee currently. With Part B, which is the medical part of Medicare, seniors will pay 104. 90 a month with a $147 de ductible. You have a deductible for Part A as well per benefit period, which begins when you are admitted and ends when you are discharged 60 day consecutively. These can be many per year as well. For days 1-60, there is a deductible of $1184.For days 61-90, expect a $296 coinsurance per day per benefit period. For day 91 and over, there is a $592 coinsurance per lifetime reserve days. A senior can have 60 over the scan of their lifetime. These 2 parts are known as accredited Medicare. It has three key gaps with additional expense prescription drugs are not cover, Parts A and B have out of pocket costs, and there is no cap on annual out of pocket expenses. Part C is seniors Medicare Advantage or Media-gap policies. These options are extremely important as Original Medicare can get very expensive.Both of these choices passing game the same benefits as Original Medicare but some offer additional benefits like vision and dental and have a cap on out of pocket expense set at $6700 wit h Medicare Advantage. Media-gap policies are more expensive but have more benefits. They offer that same basic benefits like host, med, but can cover 100% of costs associated with health care. Prices can start as low as $75 a month. Some of the basic benefits are hospitalizing of Part A coinsurance plus 365 additional days after Medicare benefits ND.The first three pints of blood are covered each year. Hospice is covered by part A coinsurance. Each Media-gap policy has many plans. Plan A-N can be chosen depending on the need and can pay up to 100% of coinsurance & deductibles, 50-75% of fees for SIN, provide reporting for foreign travel. Prices can start at $75 a month. There are many plans to spot from. It pays to do some research. Medicare Part D is prescription drug coverage. Seniors must enroll when they turn 65 years old or will face penalty of $31. 17, plus a premium each month.Monthly premiums are based on a seniors income. The yearly deductible is $320. However, some pla ns have $0 escapements or deductibles. However, this depends on formula and tier of drug. Part D plans can cover costs in the coverage gap, called the Donuts Hole. So lets talk about the Donuts Hole. All costs do not take a deductible. From $0-$2930 is spent, seniors are in the gap. In there, seniors will receive 52. 5% discount on drugs. This is an out of pocket expense. After seniors spend $4700, they come out of the donuts hole.Then seniors qualify for catastrophic coverage for medicine. They will then pay a small Coplay or coinsurance for remainder of the year for all medication. In summary, do your homework and read all you can to learn about Medicare and the costs associated with it. Start preparing now it is neer too early to start. Try to stay updated each year with all the changes. You can check an agents license at this website http//insurance. KY. Gob/Agent/Default. Asps? Manuel=46Diva_id=2 . All information with this presentation was verified through the Medicare. Gob website.

The Palace of Versailles and Contemporary Art: Takashi Murakami

The rook of Versailles find approximately twelve miles outside Paris, France and is viewed as a place to showcase modern maneuver. Much of the fine art that the palace has put on exhibitions over the years has brought a take of controversy including the most juvenile one by lacquerese artist Takashi Murakimi. Looking back at the 400 years of invoice at the Palace of Versailles it was once a home for the French royal family, a center for political power and today is a symbol of absolute monarchy. King Louis XIV viewed Versailles also as a showcase for the artists he supported.Louis and his successors were passionate about contemporary art and were constantly having parts of the palace pulverize and rebuilt and redecorated by the newest and finest artists of their day. Versailles serves as a place where the newest ideas in art are showcased and served as a trendsetter for different palaces as well much(prenominal) as The Louvre with its over the top decorations showing the m onarchys wealth. Today, the palace is constantly having some of the currently most popular artists showcase their work at Versailles for the macrocosm to view.The most recent exhibit at the palace by Takashi Murakami ran from September 14, 2010 to December 12, 2010 has sparked a lot of controversy. This exhibition is called Murakami Versailles features 15 statues placed in different populate of the palace. Murakami is a contemporary artist from Japan and has been billed as the new Andy Warhol, who is also Murakamis mentor. The showcase features big, brightly colored cartoonish figures, flowers, globes and other dyspnoeic objects. The style is far from the Baroque style of the palace, leaving most critics to deem the show inappropriate.Some groups see the Chateau complained that Murakamis work has no place in rooms once residence to historical figures such as King Louis XIV, Frances Sun King and Marie Antoinette. Prince Charles-Emmanual de Bourbon-Parme, an heir of Louis XIV, tri ed to get the exhibit criminalize stating that it dishonored his family and their past alone the courts dismissed his bid. One of his most tasteless flecks is a sculpture coroneted Hiropon, a large- paped girl in a bikini who is skipping through a rope made of breast milk, this piece is non included in the exposition but it shows that Mr. Murakami is undeserving of Versailles. Muarakami spoke at a news conference and discussed the controversy. When I hear such things, I say to myself that when a (sports) team piles a goal, there are always people who arent happy about it and who express that discontent The exhibits meant to be a sort of face-off between the Baroque period and postwar Japan, and I hope it will create in visitors a sort of shock, an aesthetic feeling (Barchfield).Jean-Jacques Aillagon, electric chair of the Chateau de Versailles defended the showcase saying he believes it is his duty to open the palace to the artistic creation of our times (Barchfield). He als o stated it gives the visitors to historic monuments the chance to discover art that is less familiar to them He added that the protests surface from far-right fundamentalistics circles and from very conservative circles who see the museum as a reliquary of nostalgia of Ancient Regime France, of a France, that is imaginationy in itself and hostile to modernity (Protesters).Aillagon also stated the palace and Murakamis work are both joyful- the palace was not a place of penitence, not a place to be sad (Takashi Murakamis Versailles). Versailles curator, Laurent Le Bon, stated most of the visitors come for the chateau, not for Murakami, and are unfamiliar with contemporary art (Von Uthmann). Several online petitions collected thousands of names online even before the exhibition opened to the public. Two years ago a resembling controversy occurred when Aillagon brought in contemporary American artist Jeff Koons.Call me a far right fundamentalist and conservative but I agree with all of the criticism surrounding this issue. This past November I got the perk of traveling to Paris and visiting the Palace of Versailles. I had not heard anything about this exhibit occurring until get to the Palace, walking into one of the first rooms and eyesight it firsthand. I was appalled when seeing the first statue, my family and I thought the statues took a lot away from the beauty of the chateau.It also prevented us from seeing parts of the rooms and taking pictures of ceilings, walls, specific architecture that was being occlude from the statues. One visitor stated we are in a historic place, we want to see how history happened here, but any time you see a doll or a crazy monster it takes you completely out of the climax of the place (Takashi Murakamis Versailles). some other stated, it totally detracts from everything thats here.Its almost insulting to the palace and to visitors (Takashi Murakamis Versailles ) My least favorite was a piece called Tongari-Kun, als o kn declare as Mr. Pointy, inside one of the state rooms because it was so tall it blocked me from seeing the entire ceiling. Moreover, another piece called Flower Matango in the Hall of Mirrors was just awful in this room. The hall of mirrors is one of the most famous and beautiful rooms in the entire palace full-bodied in beauty and history but it was all masked because of this statue.The sculpture of a bunch of bright, animated, awkward flowers. We could not step back and see the entire hall in its original beauty without seeing this statue smack in the center and the beauty of the mirrors was taken away because this statue was being reflected off of almost every one at that end of the hall. The statues were too brightly colored and too in your face from the mood of the rest of the palace. I ache no personal pictures of the artwork because I, along with everyone else in my family, made certainly Murakamis art was out of every picture frame.I can understand why they defy the exposition and the cultural exchange, the fact that they want to keep the tradition of showing the world modern art but unlike when the palace was being used for residence and power today the palace is an fantastic historical landmark and is visited by over three million people per year. People do not go to the Parthenon in Greece or the Colosseum in Rome to see other artists or even have other artists intruding on its beauty.Likewise, these visitors do not go to see modern art but to see the old beauty of the palace and walk into a bit of history for a day. there are so many other museums in Paris that show modern art that the Palace of Versailles does not need to be one of them. The Palace is a piece of art on its own and does not need to have these controversial exhibits constantly demolishing its beauty. After seeing this overall I was disappointed with the exhibit and I wish I could go back another time when there will not be such a distraction.

Comic Relief in the Tale of Two Cities

Comic relief is an important theatrical convention that makes the report card more interesting and appealing to readers. In Charles the Tempters A Tale of Two Cities, Dickens uses one of his minor besides fascinating characters, Jerry Cruncher, to depict this. The two or three chapters dealing with Jerry Cruncher and his family smell are humorous and he also decks the terrible poverty during the 18th century. And despite the novels tragic scenes and symbolic images, Dickens usesJerry to lighten things upa bit.Jerry Cruncher is a multidimensional tradesman, salutary to some, but truly not, as well as a conscientious father and self-conscious individual. Jerry Cruncher can be described as gruff andragged. An odd-job man, who sits outside Tell boys Bank during the day and is a body-snatcher by night. He is also uneducated which lead him to do unnecessary actions. Evenwhen describing Jerry, Dickens uses jokes. Mr.Cruncher himselfalways spoke of the yr of ourLord as Anna Dominoes a pparently under the impression that the Christian eradated from the dodge of a popular game,by a lady who had bestowed her name upon it. (Dickens 66) Dickens also uses the character of Jerry to illustrate the terrible poverty of life in England during the 1700s when Dickens goes more in depth close toJerry in chapter 14 called The Honest Tradesman. This was a chapterdedicated solely to Jerry Cruncher. In this chapter, the most interesting and nonsensical scene is presented.Jerry hassuch a hard time supporting his family thathe resorts to digging up late(prenominal) bodies insecret to help make ends meet. He tries to hide this by telling his wife and son that he is going fishing, but instead he was actually fishing up for bodies to sell to a surgeon. Another humorous scene in the story is how he becomes paranoid and begins to hate that his wife prays astir(predicate) him. He believes that she is praying against him. What do you mean by flopping yourself down and praying against me? (Dickens 67) He sometimes snubs and beats her for doing so.He constantly calls himself an honest tradesman, even to his son. All these peculiarities of Jerry Cruncher are humorous. In conclusion, Dickens uses comic relief to appeal to his readers and castrate the mood. Jerry Cruncher is a perfect example of this. His life is a prototype of the poverty during 18th century. Through his characteristics, misfortunes in life, and bizarre actions, Jerry Cruncher was able to provide the reader humorous scenes rather than the chaotic and violent drama of the French Revolution.

South Asia and Management of Energy SecurityÂÂ

INTERNATIONAL-RELATIONS ARTICLE ASSIGNMENT=1 SOUTH ASIA AND MANAGEMENT OF ENERGY SECURITY 3/27/2013 SUBMITTED BY FAIZAN-ALI BBA-7C * Introduction The article named southwestward Asia and management of dynamism security has been written by a well known associate professor of internationalist do itings miss DR MUSARRAT JABEEN Quetta university Baluchistan.The source herself a very competent and well known to her subject of specialization with the great exposure of international systems and relations similarly read one other books of her by the name of legacy of china which is one of her happy stories and proof of her good thought of school. After now introducing the writer I would exchangeable to introduce the down the stairs attention article of the writer which is south Asia and management of cleverness security. Summary (major points) in the article the writer talked about many things and tried to focus on the f dissemble that naught security hinges on the direct and su pply systems in terms of energy management. She put ond a word of hinge in her condemn which is the demonstration of a beautiful making of preposition by writer which means a joining craft on which a lid or door turns when it opens. When comes to the major and focal points of an article I would corresponding to firstly translate the meaning of energy security which means that smooth and reliable transaction and bm of energy amid supply and postulate systems of energy.The emergence of supply and acquire is from the stinting world and as per my understanding with these terms I conclude that thither should not be a supply and demand offend in the systems of energy otherwise I entrust create a question on the security of energy which is the smooth transaction of energy. Importantly major points for supply and demand ar rolled under three dimensions * Dependency * Certainty * AffordabilityAs energy is the most important security for all the nations and states because a great sense of competition exists among nations for energy security as energy is one of the basic requirements for sparing development and economic gain. There ar virtually important factors in the given articles which ar trus bothrthy for the increase in demand * High rate of population * Stress caused by economic ripening * Economic dualism * Structural transformation * Physical capital formationThis study basically focuses on the supply and demand systems crossing south Asia at the confluence of primaeval Asia and Middle East south Asia has specific energy security issues. One of the growing demands of energy is that china is becoming the worlds biggest economic might very soon in future due to china take the cost is kept on change magnitude specially in south Asia. The region specially discussed in this article is south Asia in which Pakistan is included which would be the route and supplier of energy very soon in future nevertheless this might not take place very soon bec ause of our energy crisis at national aim.India which is whole the supplier and Afghanistan which is the route of energy can also create political barriers to other states of south Asia specially for Iran who is the biggest supplier of energy among south Asia countries. U. s Europe and chinas gratify has made well-nigh political environment in south Asia. As inunct colour is one of the most important ingredients of energy so U. S who is the only power of world wants to control all pricing management of oil especially in Gulf States?In view of geographical location PAKSITAN has a great greatness for all because we redeem gawaddar port we have Karachi port and we have so many other routes which really links with the boundaries of AGHANISTAN INDIA IRAN and across the river to the Gulf States. The writer has taken up some important qualifications about PAKSITAN which in my point of view are very important. * Pakistan is located at the confluence of central middle and south Asi a. In short Pakistan is the heart of Asia. * Pakistan has the ability to grow at the level of above 8% GDP. * Pakistan has catered for the central Asia trade with south Asia and the rest of world. Challenges In South Asia, the demand for infrastructure, and particularly electrical energy, is growing rapidly. Improved electricity supply is a key to sustaining economic growth and improving social dish outs. Electricity is still not available to about half of the regions 1. 5 billion population, especially in rural eye sockets, which adversely affects the efforts to nullify poverty and create better opportunities for all. The lack of access to modern forms of energy prolongs the widespread traditional use of biomass, with adverse environmental and health impact. Electricity services to the connected customers, whether to businesses or households, are often perfidious and of poor quality, coupled with high technical and commercial losses and poor commercial performance of service providers. Advancing electricity sector reforms, aimed at improving the efficiency and quality of electricity service, commercial viability of electricity industry, institutional and governance arrangements, accountability of service providers, and investment climate is critical to ensure sustained growth of the sector and optimal development and use of energy resources. National energy systems are autarchic, with weak or nonexistent interconnections. There is little cross-border trade in electricity, with the exception of India-Bhutan trade, and none in natural gas. * sarcastic analysis South Asias energy security dilemma is one of the signal challenges of the 21st century, critical to the economic future of almost two billion people and the political future of one of the world s most volatile regions. Now for the critical analysis as per my reading and understanding with the article I would like to mention some strengths and weaknesses and also the things which are covered and which are not covered.In south Asia energy management china India Pakistan Afghanistan are the majors countries for supply and routes specially in south Asia so they have a great interest of international community specially from the super power U. S. America cherished a full control on all movements and managements of energy specially on oil and also the resources of all these big countries of Asia. china is more powerful among all other Asian states because they are exploitation there resources very efficiently and effectively.Here I can give an example of small dams of water as reserves in china which are 1 lakh in quantity as per unprocessed idea which is the security of many other energy production systems. While talking about Pakistan, Baluchistan which is the biggest area in view of resources and energy generation is now under the strong influence by international forces to get management by others. In view of strengths it is an accepted fact a stronger Pakistan will deal strongly with the regional challenges. The construction of deep sea port at GAWADAR is just one region of the greater gawadar plan. here is a strong link of network of Karachi with Baluchistan by roads. Management of regional interest can play an important role in the management of energy in south Asia. As Pakistan is the hub of transportation for all so there should be a unity and strong faith of companionship among the countries of south Asia. The policy of recasting regional interstate relations on the basis of trade will directly lead to the prosperity of the whole region. Regionally there are so many projects are running among the Pakistan Iran India china srilanka etc. ne of the greatest example is the agreement of gas pipeline between Pakistan and Iran which is the proof of interstate relationships. This agreement is unacceptable for the international actors like America. when going internationally we should all act alike under some laws and policies for the benefit of whol e Asia because it has to be understand by all that our perfect is very rich in many things like geographical location resources natural climate strong land etc. everybody should look east towards each other because to the west only fake faces and promises are made for their own national interest. Conclusion finally at the end I would like to verbalise that this is our bad luck among south Asia countries that we all are affiliated with other international channels for some interest and we are less behind in developing relations among each other. Due to which when there is an increase in the security of energy happens in any country the other feels insecurity like when India made nuclear tests it was a worried time for Pakistan because instead of having a relationship of friendship we are enemy of each other which is the biggest drawback in our continent. he task of global reforms has to be an inclusive one,addresing the concerns and needs of the states located in the heartland of Asia. All the tensions should be solved by dialogues and by cooperations. There should be two management policies one at regional level and one should be on international level. The gap is increasing between supply and demand of energy because of inelasticity. East and Southeast Asian states are veneering severe and increasing energy security challenges.Regional economies are generally poor in natural resources, trade-dependent, and energy-intensive in character. Regional energy demands, especially for natural gas and fuels derived from crude oil, continue to escalate. Simultaneously, indigenous production of oil and gas has been for the large part either declining. This divergence between energy demands and domestic supplies has led to increasing reliance among East and Southeast Asian states on foreign sources of supply, including energy imports that are predominantly delivered by sea.Recommendation * Create awareness programs for states on their issues, like economic, social and legal issues, to strengthen them, on government level and civil society organization. * Need comprehensive legislation to ensure the states right and their protection. * Promote/Start debates and shell out the issues of states with governments. -***